一、由that引导(可省略)
1. The truth is that he didn’t come. (事实是他没有来)
2. The problem is that we don’t have enough time. (问题是我们没有足够的时间)
二、由whether引导(表示“是否”)
1. The question is whether the film is worth seeing. (问题这部电影是否值得看)
2. The decision is whether we should accept the offer. (决定是我们是否应该接受这个提议)
三、由连接代词引导
1. This is what I want. (这就是我想要的)
2. The solution is who we can get to replace her. (解决方案是我们能找到谁替代她)
四、由连接副词引导
1. The reason is why he was late. (原因就是他迟到了)
2. The problem is how we can find him. (问题是我们如何找到他)
五、由关系代词型what引导
1. That’s what I want to stress. (这是我想强调的)
2. The news is what everyone is talking about. (大家正在讨论的新闻是什么)
补充说明:
1. that引导的表语从句通常可省略,例如:The problem is that → The problem is he didn’t come.
2. whether引导的从句不能省略,且常与虚拟语气连用,例如:She suggested that we (should) call him.
3. 表语从句需注意与状语从句区分,如:where引导的从句作地点状语(He lives where)而非表语。
以上例句覆盖了表语从句的主要引导词和用法,可根据具体语境选择合适结构。